\u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u00dcniversitesi N\u00fckleer Teknoloji ve Radyasyon G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Program Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Dilek Aker, 26 Nisan \u00c7ernobil Felaketini Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda olas\u0131 bir n\u00fckleer s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli uyar\u0131larda bulundu.<\/p>\n
Radyoaktif s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131\/par\u00e7ac\u0131klar nas\u0131l yay\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Dilek Aker, radyasyonun karars\u0131z atomlar\u0131n enerji yaymas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, \u201cRadyasyon, karars\u0131z atomlar\u0131n kararl\u0131 hale ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in par\u00e7ac\u0131k (alfa, beta, n\u00f6tron) veya elektromanyetik dalga (X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, radyo dalgalar\u0131, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar) \u015feklinde yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerjidir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta telefon, televizyon ve Wi-Fi gibi cihazlarla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z radyo dalgalar\u0131, mikrodalgalar ve k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi dalgalar, iyonize olmayan radyasyon t\u00fcrlerindendir.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n As\u0131l dikkat edilmesi gerekenin ise iyonize radyasyonlar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen \u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Dilek Aker, \u201cBu t\u00fcr radyasyonlar alfa ve beta gibi par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u015feklinde ortama sa\u00e7\u0131larak, gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 gibi elektromanyetik dalgalar ise do\u011frusal bir y\u00f6nde yay\u0131l\u0131r. Radyasyonun insan \u00fczerindeki biyolojik etkisi; \u0131\u015f\u0131nlanma \u015fekli, s\u00fcresi ve kayna\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilir. Ayr\u0131ca maruz kalan ki\u015finin ya\u015f\u0131, cinsiyeti ve v\u00fccudunda hangi b\u00f6lgenin \u0131\u015f\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bu etkiyi do\u011frudan etkiler.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n \u0130ki \u015fekilde radyasyon maruziyeti vard\u0131r; i\u00e7 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama ve d\u0131\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama<\/strong><\/p>\n Olas\u0131 bir s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 halinde yutma, soluma olarak i\u00e7 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlamaya maruz kal\u0131nabilece\u011fini ifade eden \u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Dilek Aker, \u201cAlfa ve Beta \u0131\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 i\u00e7 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlamada olduk\u00e7a zararl\u0131 biyolojik etkiler olu\u015fturur. Alfa ve beta par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 doku ve organlara y\u00fcksek miktarda radyasyon enerjisi verebilir, genetik dizilime etki edebilirler ve farkl\u0131 h\u00fccre ve organellerine zarar verebilirler. Bu hasarlar\u0131n kanser gibi hastal\u0131klara ya da mutasyona sebep olabilirler. D\u0131\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlamada ise Alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in tehlike g\u00f6zlenmez \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar deriyi ge\u00e7emez fakat a\u00e7\u0131k yaralar i\u00e7 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlamaya sebebiyet verebilir. Beta par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha zararl\u0131 etkiler yaratabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; derinin yanmas\u0131, g\u00f6zde katarakt olu\u015fmas\u0131 gibi. Gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ise daha tehlikelidir. Uzun mesafeler kat edebilen gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 t\u00fcm v\u00fccuda n\u00fcfuz edebilir.\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Radyasyon maruziyeti insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n Radyasyon maruziyetinin deterministik veya stokastik etki denilen etkiler yaratabildi\u011fini anlatan \u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Dilek Aker, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n \u201cN\u00fckleer tesislerdeki kaza, yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki insanlar\u0131 deterministik olarak etkilenirken, daha uzaktakileri stokastik olarak etkileyebilir. Deterministik etki; radyasyon maruziyeti sonucu maruz kal\u0131nan b\u00f6lgenin zarar g\u00f6rmesi, o b\u00f6lgede h\u00fccre \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek dozlarda da \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olan bir etkidir. Deterministik etkiyi, bir anda y\u00fcksek seviyeli radyasyona maruz kalmak olarak da adland\u0131rabiliriz. Stokastik etki ise kanser gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n, genetik mutasyonlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmesi ve nesilden nesile aktar\u0131labilen bir etkidir. \u00a0Bu etkiyi nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dozlarla s\u00fcrekli maruziyet olarak da adland\u0131rabiliriz.\u201d<\/p>\n \u00c7ernobil sonras\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nd\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7ernobil kazas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 sistemler ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u201cN\u00fckleer Kaza Halinde Erken Bildirim S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201dnin \u00c7ernobil Kazas\u0131n\u0131 takiben 26 Kas\u0131m 1986\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatan \u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Dilek Aker, \u201cS\u00f6zle\u015fmenin amac\u0131; n\u00fckleer bir kaza sonras\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye taraf bir \u00fclkede radyoaktif madde sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir \u2018Erken Bildirim Sistemi\u2019 olu\u015fturulacak ve \u00e7evre \u00fclkelerle bu risk payla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle etkilenebilecek \u00fclkeler erkenden \u00f6nlem alabileceklerdir. UAEA (Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerji Ajans\u0131) ve OECD N\u00fckleer Enerji Ajans\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fi ile n\u00fckleer olaylar\u0131 olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 riske g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u2018Uluslararas\u0131 N\u00fckleer ve Radyolojik Olay \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi Sistemi (INES)\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile radyasyon s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nas\u0131l ve ne t\u00fcr bir enerji yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilebilirsek \u00f6nlem almam\u0131z o \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kolayla\u015facakt\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n N\u00fckleer patlama durumunda yak\u0131n \u00e7evredekilerin almas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nlemler neler?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6\u011fr. G\u00f6r. Dilek Aker, n\u00fckleer patlama durumunda yak\u0131n \u00e7evredekilerin almas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nlemleri \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralad\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cPatlamayla olu\u015fan \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u00fczmesi g\u00f6zleri k\u00f6r edebilece\u011fi i\u00e7in asla do\u011frudan bak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. En k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede korunakl\u0131 alanlara girilmeli ve en az 48 saat bu alanlardan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u0131da ve su ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131kta kalm\u0131\u015f yiyecekler t\u00fcketilmemeli, bunun yerine kapal\u0131 ambalajl\u0131 ya da konserve \u00fcr\u00fcnler tercih edilmelidir. Toprak \u00fcst\u00fcnde yeti\u015fen sebzeler yenmemeli, havu\u00e7, patates gibi toprak alt\u0131nda yeti\u015fen \u00fcr\u00fcnler tercih edilmelidir. A\u00e7\u0131k su kaynaklar\u0131 (g\u00f6l, dere, nehir gibi) kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131, kapal\u0131 ambalajl\u0131 i\u00e7me sular\u0131 tercih edilmelidir. Radyoaktif par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n atmosfere kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p yere inmesiyle birlikte, v\u00fccut, deri ve g\u00f6zlerin korunmas\u0131 \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. Bu nedenle koruyucu giysiler, maske, \u015fapka, eldiven, g\u00f6zl\u00fck ve uzun kollu k\u0131yafetler giyilmelidir. Beton, iyi bir radyasyon z\u0131rh\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle yap\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7inde en az 48 saat, tercihen 8-9 g\u00fcn kal\u0131nmal\u0131; radyasyonun i\u00e7eri s\u0131zmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in su ve havaland\u0131rma borular\u0131 kapat\u0131lmal\u0131, pencereler a\u00e7\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, tiroid bezini korumak amac\u0131yla tiroit koruyucu tabletler (iyot tabletleri) kullan\u0131labilir. Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki, bu \u00f6nlemler sal\u0131nan radyasyonun \u015fiddetine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Kaynak: (BYZHA) Beyaz Haber Ajans\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u00dcniversitesi N\u00fckleer Teknoloji ve Radyasyon G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Program Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00d6\u011fr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5861,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5860"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5860\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5862,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5860\/revisions\/5862"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomievreni.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}